（接上页）小编：第三章学术英语基础写作第四章学术英语进阶写作基本介绍议论文写作常见话题议论文写作是学术型写作的重要类型之一。这类写作经常要求写作者就一些有争议性的问题或社会热
第三章学术英语基础写作69
GARLSDONTown CentrePopulation 65,000Housin
12 kIm to Hindonpopulation 10,00025 km to Crandon
第四章
学术英语进阶写作
4.1基本介绍
4.1.1议论文写作常见话题
议论文写作是学术型写作的重要类型之一。这类写作经常要求写作者就一些有争议性的问题或社会热议话题进行分析、讨论,并提出自己的观点。
下列是议论文写作的常考话题常见话题其他话题
1.教育:儿童、中学、大学教育体制和方法
1.艺术的价值科技发展对生活的影响
2.媒体的作用
3.文化的组成因素和保护
3.广告的影响
4.生活方式的转变和社会观念
4.动物的保护和动物实验
5.全球化及其影响
5.城乡差距和城市化
6.环境问题和环境保护
6.犯罪
7.政府投资
7.弱势群体:妇女的权利、妇女参军
4.1.2议论文写作类型与注意事项
4.1.2.1分析题干
议论文写作的任务往往由两部分组成:一是主题句,即介绍写作的主题,通常包括背景、事件、问题等;二是问题句,即提出写作要求。主题句决定写作内容;问题句决定文章类型。例如
Some people think stricter punishment for driving offenders is the only effective way tomprove safety on the roads.(主题句) To what extent do you agree or disagree??(问题句)
4.1.22确定文章类型
(1)观点议论型
呢点议论型文章( Argumentation)题干的问题句中一般包含 agree/disagree., opinion/view,
第四章学术英语进阶写作71
advantage/ disadvantage等这类关键词,要求写作者讨论观点或是明确自己观点。例如Do you agree or disagree?To what extent do you agree or disagree?What is your opinion?Discuss both viewsDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of
(2)问题解决型可题解决型文章( Report)题干的问题句中一般包括 reason, cause, effect, solution等关键词要求写作者分析现象、因果,提出解决方案等。例如What caused this problem, and what can be done to work out this problem?Pl What are the possible reasons for...? Make some suggestions on how to deal with this socialomenon/ problem
4.1.3写作重点
4.1.3.1对比注意题干要求进行的显性或隐性对比,将对事物“对比”后的思考融入议论文中对比可能是下列三种之
(1)题目中直接给出对比的两个事物或观点,或者找出两个事物之间的关系;
(2)题目中只给出一个事物或观点,用常识推断出另一个
(3)题目中只给出一个事物,需正反两面对比O Living in an English speaking country is the best way to learn English. To what extent doyou agree or disagree?xfI: an English speaking country VS. a non-English speaking country@) More and more students choose to go to another country and finish their higher educationDo you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?xfEt: advantages VS. disadvantages (of finishing higher education in another countryC) Newspapers have become an enormous influence on people's ideas and opinions. Why isthis the case? Is it a desirable or undesirable situation?Xft: advantages VS. disadvantages of newspapers influence on people's idea andopinions)
4.1.3.2焦点及角度注意题干中对写作焦点或写作角度的要求,写作时要紧扣焦点、找准角度,不可随意偏离焦点或选择不同的角度O Some people take family with them when they go to work abroad for a period of time. Doyou think there are more advantages than disadvantages to the family and individualAli E: whether to take family when going to work abroad for a period of timeffI: from the perspectives of the family and the individualQ Travel from and to work is becoming increasingly difficult. One solution is that employersshould allow the employees to work at home, Do you think there are more advantages thandisadvantages to the family and employers?
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